Day 2 Outline

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Life
   Impacted by Darwin; set out to be a biologist who proved evolution
   Father of psychoanalysis
   Psychosexual stages of development
   Defense mechanisms
   Oedipus complex
   Dream analysis

Joseph Breuer
   Respected, successful, and sophisticated
   Physician in Vienna
   Anna O
      Real name was Bertha Pappenheim
      Patient of Breuer in 1889
      Epiletpic?
      Symptoms improved by talking about her problems while under hypnosis
      Helped her deal with emotionally-charged events from past
      Procedure
         “Chimney sweeping”
         “The talking cure”)
         Freud & Breuer write book together

Wilhelm Fliess
   Emma Eckstein
   February 1895

Theory
   Deterministic
   Internal motivation
   Terms from physics
   Self-contained system
   Psychic energy
   Based on case histories
   Good writing
   Behavior caused by opposing forces
      Conscious processes
   Unconscious process

ID
   Most basic component of personality
   Develops the earliest
   Neonate is only an id
   Relies on the pleasure principle
      Operates like a reflex
      Provides psychic energy
   Primary process = makes image of what desires
   Can’t distinguish between images and reality; completely unconscious

EGO
   Controls motor and sensory functions of body
   Allows child to interact with reality
   Reality principle
   Object substitution = Finds objects in reality to satisfy id

SUPEREGO
   Created by ego
      Learning right from wrong
   Can’t tell reality from images (imagined)
      Punishes you for bad idea
      Punishes you for bad action
   Composed of
      Conscience = what you should not do
      Ego ideal = what you should do
   Fights with id = anxiety

Freudian slips

Ego balances id and superego
   Ego fights anxiety by keeping impulse out of consciousness
   Several techniques = defense mechanisms
Defense Mechanisms
   Denial = don’t admit it’s real
   Displacement = kick the dog, not the wife
   Projection = see my faults in you
   Rationalization = there’s a good reason
   Displacement = kick the dog, not the wife
   Projection = see my faults in you
   Rationalization = there’s a good reason
   Reaction Formation = act in the opposite
   Repression = don’t think or feel
   Regression = go back to when it was safe
   Compensation = make-up for a deficiency
   Intellectualization = detachment
   Sublimation = redirect undesirable impulses (most constructive approach)

5 Psychosocial Stages
   Fixation
      Too much libido tied to a particular stage
      Too much or too little gratification
   1. Oral Stage
      Healthy
         Writers, artists and entertainers who use fantasy creatively
      Too little gratification
         Dependence
         Tends to withdraw into fantasy
         Regresses more readily
      Too much gratification
         Hostility and biting sarcasm
   2. Anal Stage
      Harsh toilet training
      Excessively orderly or compulsive individuals
      Compulsive behavior to control impulses
      Counting, cleaning and checking
      Obsessive  = repetitive thoughts to control guilt and anxiety.
3. Phallic Stage
   Fixation
      Hyper-emphasis on competition, sexuality and power
   Physical appearance
   Emphasized to seduce, manipulate and control
   Oedipal Period: Boys
      Sexual desire aimed at mother as main love object
      Fears father
      Castration anxiety
   Electra Period: Girls
      Sexual desire aimed at father – male genitalia
      Resents mother
      Penis envy
4. Latency Stage
   Healthy development
      Tranquil, wholesome home-life
      Without too much emotion or sexuality
   Disturbed latency
      Impulse control problems
   Repressed latency
      Rigid upbringing
      “Out of touch” with feelings
5. Genital Stage
   Lust is blended with affection.
   Achievement
   Balance love and work

Goal: observing ego
   Ability to look at oneself honestly & make changes